Dead space may be manifested as low V̇/Q̇ or absolute, with no blood flow, that is V̇/Q̇ = 0.Īlthough much of the management of patients in respiratory failure on artificial ventilation has focused primarily on imaging and respiratory mechanics, dead-space measurements have been shown to provide very useful information in patients with severe respiratory failure both for management and for prognosis. A shunt exists in a pulmonary segment when where there is pulmonary arterial blood flow and no ventilation, that is V̇ = 0/Q̇. Traditionally, V̇/Q̇ in the lungs is described in the 3-compartment model: normal V̇/Q̇, shunt, and dead space (V D). Respiratory failure is manifested by a derangement of arterial blood gases, and the relationship of arterial blood gases to the matching of ventilation (V̇) to perfusion (Q̇) in the lungs is critical to understanding the mechanisms of respiratory failure.
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